Up until quite some time later archaeological evidence provides a probably more accurate picture of the societal stratification than ancient historical sources that often project their 'facts' into a past in almost irreconcilable details.Īs late as the second century BCE individual Greeks coming as doctors were expelled from Rome and wouldn't be able to establish a gentes. Read that book.)įor the time "5th century" this gets even more problematic as our sources aren't very good for such early dates. New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders", Wiley-Blackwell: Malden, Oxford, 22005. Raaflaub: "The Conflict of the Orders in Archaic Rome: A Comprehensive and Comparative Approach", p19, in Raaflaub (Ed): "Social Struggles in Archaic Rome. Second, we do not know of a single example in the Greek world of a well-organized and efficient opposition to aristocratic power and prerogatives such as that which the Roman plebeians created, particularly not one set up by lowerclass people such as those who composed the Roman plebs according to Momigliano. First, the particular effect of such influences on only one part of the community is simply postulated and not analyzed on the basis and with the support of more general (anthropological, theoretical) considerations. I find this unconvincing for two reasons. Momigliano has theorized that the plebeians were more affected and propelled by Greek influences than the patricians, and that such influences account for the remarkable efficiency and strength of the plebeian institutions. It was for the Rome 1960 Games that the relay was televised for the first time.A. The torch designer, Amedeo Maiuri, was an archaeologist famous for his studies of the Roman site of Pompeii. It bears the inscription: “Giochi della XVII Olympiade”.ĭesigner / Manufacturer: Amedo Maiuri / Curtisa (IOC) Did You Know? Slender grooves decorate and refine the body of the torch. To do this, tests were carried out in schools and sports clubs.ĭistance: 1,863km (leg by boat from Athens to Syracuse excluded): 330km in Greece, 1,533km in ItalyĬountries visited: Greece, Italy Torch Detailsĭescription: Reflecting the classical touch which characterised this edition of the Games, the shape of the torch was inspired by those featured on ancient monuments. Recruitment of torchbearers: The Ministries of the Interior, Education and Defence collaborated with the provincial sub-committees of the Italian National Olympic Committee to select the torchbearers from among young men aged 18 to 23 of all social classes. Number of torchbearers: 1,529: 330 in Greece, 1,199 in Italy Start date: 12 August 1960, Olympia (Greece)Įnd date: 25 August 1960, Olympic Stadium, Rome (Italy)įirst torchbearer: Panayotis “Takis” Epitropoulos, Olympic participant in athletics (1960) That evening, the flame was welcomed with great pomp on the Capitoline Hill where it spent the night, and the next day it was taken to the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Stadium. En route for Rome, a flame was left in Naples, where the sailing competitions were held, and in Castel Gandolfo, host of the rowing and canoe events.Ģ4 August: The relay entered the province of Rome on the Via Appia Nuova. The same evening it set sail on the Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navy training ship.ġ8 August: The flame reached Italian soil in Syracuse near the Arethusa fountain, a monument that refers to an ancient legend. Notably, the relay travelled through the coastal region of Italy in the south, known in Antiquity as Great Greece (Magna Graecia), where Greek colonies such as Metapontum and Tarento were located.ġ3 August 1960: After a relay in Greece via Pyrgos, Patras, Corinth, Megara and Eleusis, the flame reached Athens at the end of the day. In order to recall the relationship between the ancient and modern Games, it passed through numerous ancient sites and birthplaces of athletes who excelled at the ancient Olympic Games. The relay highlighted Athens and Rome, the two poles of classical civilisation. Rome 1960The Torch (GETTY IMAGES) Route Design and Details
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